I. Introduction to the results
Small molecules induce plants to acquire systemic disease resistance, which is environmentally friendly, green safe, stable and durable, and broad-spectrum and efficient. It provides a new idea for green and efficient prevention and control of plant diseases. This technology screens a small molecule of active substance with small molecular weight, simple structure, wide tissue distribution, diverse biological effects, low immunological properties, and does not sterilize itself but can induce active resistance of plants, and build disease resistance, low temperature resistance and directional quality. Improve the technical system, prevent pesticides from controlling plant diseases (especially difficult diseases), ensure the normal growth and growth of plant open fields at critical low temperatures, improve quality in the current season according to market demand without changing varieties and environmental conditions, reduce fertilizer application and ensure production. On the basis of improving quality, promote high-yield, high-efficiency, high-quality, high-security and ecological, environmental protection, low-carbon, low-cost harmonious unity.
At present, there are many rice, cotton, tomato, strawberry, pepper, bean, navel orange, passion fruit, kiwi, durian, mango, apple, sweet potato, leafy vegetables, tea, tobacco, flowers, green vegetation, etc. in different ecological regions of China. Significant results have been achieved on crops.
The small molecule-inducing preparation itself is safe, non-toxic and harmless, and has been certified by organic products, and the method of use is simple, foliar spraying, drip irrigation, rooting, seed dressing, and injection.
This project is the research result of the National Natural Science Foundation project and the national major public welfare industry research project.
Second, the promotion of meaning
China is a big agricultural country and agriculture is the foundation of the national economy. The primary task of ensuring the effective supply of national food security and important agricultural products to modern agriculture. Under the severe situation of large population pressure, tight environmental resources, weak agricultural foundation, and frequent occurrence of agricultural pests, chemical pesticides have made important contributions. However, excessive and unreasonable, timely and symptomatic medications have brought about a series of problems such as pesticide residual toxicity, increased resistance to pests and diseases, secondary pests, environmental pollution and ecological balance damage, which seriously threaten the quality of China's agricultural products. Safety and agro-ecological safety. Under the premise of stable production and increased production, vigorously develop chemical pesticide substitution technology and related products, promote the transformation of traditional chemical control to modern green prevention and control, reduce the use of chemical pesticides, and achieve the coordination of agricultural product output, quality and safety, and agro-ecological environment protection. Continued development, while reducing the cost of agricultural production, and promoting farmers' savings and efficiency, urgently need to be studied and resolved.
The small molecule induced resistance technology just adapts to the current social needs and will play an active role in solving the above series of problems. This technical system has found a realistic and effective way to achieve sustainable ecological and organic cultivation under the conditions of “small farmers and large agricultureâ€. The comprehensive promotion and application of this technology will have far-reaching impact on major issues such as the pattern of modern agriculture in China, international competitiveness and ecological environment governance.
Third, technical indicators
The control effect of virus diseases is 73%-92%, the control effect of fungal diseases is 80-96%, and the control effect of bacterial diseases is 85-95%.
Inducing regulation of low temperature activity of plant body fluids, ensuring normal growth of crops below normal temperature, and even resisting low temperature disasters during spring and autumn temperature changes, making plants greener, more luxuriant and stronger. The temperate cold temperate fruit trees can be flowered 6-8 days in advance, the sitting rate is increased by more than 30%, the flowering period is extended by 5-7 days, and the fruit is prematurely matured for 5-7 days.
It can reduce the application rate of pesticides by more than 70%, while ensuring more than 10% increase in grain crops, more than 20% increase in economic crops, and more than 30% increase in fruits and vegetables and natural pastures.
It can improve the quality of agricultural products in the same season, prolong the preservation time of fruits and vegetables, greatly reduce the pesticide residue, and produce food, vegetables, fruits, tea and other materials that can be converted into organic, green and ecological products.
Fourth, investment budget and benefit analysis
The large-area demonstration application of small molecule induction technology will not increase production input, but it will increase the overall yield of crops such as grain, oilseeds, cotton, tea, vegetables and fruits by about 18%, saving more than 70% of pesticides, and direct economic benefits of 430 billion. Yuan/year or above. The potential market price of small molecule induction preparations is 60 billion yuan/year.
In addition, the promotion of this technology has a significant effect on energy conservation and emission reduction and reduction of rural non-point source pollution. It can reduce the pollution caused by chemical pesticides by 500,000 tons per year. The annual expenditure on pesticides is 15 billion yuan, which indirectly reduces the amount of coal and electricity used, and reduces the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide. At the same time, because the plants are early green and green, it can greatly increase the time of green leaves, increase oxygen emissions, and purify the air.
Improve the quality of agricultural products, protect the environment, and fundamentally ensure the safety of agricultural products consumed by people, which is of great significance for improving the quality of human life and improving the health of human beings.
V. Existing work basis (currently promoted and applied)
The project is an important achievement in a number of national natural science fund projects and national public welfare industry major projects. It was highly evaluated by experts at the 200803033 project acceptance meeting of the national public welfare industry research project organized by the Ministry of Agriculture. Known as the "high-level breakthrough."
It has been applied in Hainan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Gansu, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, etc., in rice, cotton, tomato, strawberry, pepper, beans, navel orange, passion fruit, durian, mango, apple, sweet potato, leafy vegetables, flowers, The preliminary results on some crops such as pastures and lawns have shown great potential for application.
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