When we look up information in normal times, we often see various kinds of unfamiliar abbreviation. Although some Chinese meanings are known, we usually use English abbreviations for ease of description and conciseness. Therefore, we have compiled some commonly used English abbreviations that we often use.
AE: Automatic Exposure
The automatic exposure algorithm (AE) automatically sets the exposure value according to the available light conditions. When the brightness of the main subject and the background differ greatly, it generally results in overexposure or underexposure of the subject. In order to overcome this problem, some specific AE algorithms focus on the brightness of the subject and perform brightness adjustment. Give this part more weight.
AF: Auto Focus
The autofocus algorithm (AF) moves the lens through the existing image contrast to maximize the image contrast. In general, autofocus technology is to obtain the highest image frequency component by adjusting the position of the focus lens, resulting in a higher image contrast. Among them, obtaining the best focusing point is an accumulating process that determines the focusing distance by comparing the contrast of each frame of the image to obtain the maximum contrast point within the lens movement range.
AWB: Automatic white balance
The automatic white balance algorithm (AWB) adjusts the fidelity of the picture color according to the light source conditions. Objects will have different degrees of chromatic aberration under different lighting conditions. Generally, the overall color difference signal of an image is used as color temperature data. When most of the area of ​​the image is covered by a uniform color, the color compensation may be lost. Part of the full color. In order to compensate for this defect, some specific AWB algorithms have been proposed to adapt to different color temperature conditions. For example, due to the low color temperature, the image sensor captures a yellow hue at dusk, and a high blue hue in a sunny environment. Using these algorithms, analog cameras not only shoot better images in low-light environments, they also provide better color reproduction and color cast compensation.
BNC: Bayonet Nut Connector
BNC connector, a connector for coaxial cable. Mainly used in electronic engineering equipment, connecting to the terminal exit or entrance. The reason why the BNC connector has not been eliminated is because the coaxial cable is a kind of shielded cable, which has the advantages of long transmission distance and stable signal. At present, it is also widely used in communication systems. For example, the E1 interface in a network device is connected by two coaxial BNC connectors. It is often used in high-end monitors and audio equipment to transmit audio and video signals. .
CCD: Charge-coupled device
CCD is a semiconductor device that can convert optical images into electrical signals. In the field of video surveillance, CCD is a kind of image sensor.
CMOS: Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor, an amplifier device for voltage control, is the basic unit that makes up a CMOS digital integrated circuit. CMOS manufacturing processes are now often used as photosensitive elements in digital imaging equipment. Like CCDs, CMOS is also a type of image sensor.
DLP: Digital Light Processing
The DLP technique involves first digitally processing the image signal and then projecting the light. DLP is a solution that uses optical semiconductors to produce digital multi-source displays. It relies on highly reliable, all-digital display technology to provide the best image quality in a wide range of products such as large-screen digital televisions, corporate/home/professional conference projectors and digital cameras (DL PCinema).
DNR: Digital Noise Reduction
DNR is a digital noise reduction technology that uses digital processing to reduce impurities that are contaminated in the video signal. Because the appearance of image noise is random, the noise appearing in each frame of image is different. 3D digital noise reduction automatically filters out non-overlapping information (that is, noise) by comparing adjacent frames of images, thereby displaying relatively pure and delicate images.
FPS: Frames Per Second Transfer Frames Per Second
FPS is defined in the image domain and refers to the number of frames per second transmitted by the screen. In popular terms, it refers to the number of frames of an animation or video. FPS measures the amount of information used to save and display dynamic video. The more frames per second, the smoother the displayed action will be. In general, the minimum to avoid motion is 30.
HDR: High-Dynamic Range
Compared with ordinary images, HDR can provide more dynamic range and image details. According to different exposure time LDR images, LDR images corresponding to the best detail for each exposure time can be used to synthesize the final HDR image. Reflects the visual effects of the real environment.
ISP: Image Signal Processing
The image after passing through the optical lens is captured by the CCD or CMOS and needs to be processed by the ISP before it can output the image needed by our application. The ISP is a determinant of the performance of the imaging device.
LCD: Liquid Crystal Display
The LCD liquid crystal display consists of a certain number of color or black and white pixels placed in front of the light source or reflective surface. Liquid crystal displays have low power consumption and are therefore highly favored. Its main principle is that current stimulates liquid crystal molecules to generate points, lines, and planes with the back lamp to form a picture.
LED: Light Emitting Diode
The LED is a diode which is made of a compound of gallium (Ga) and arsenic (As), phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), and indium (In) by controlling the display of a semiconductor light emitting diode. When compounded, it emits visible light and can be used to make light emitting diodes. In the field of security, we often say LED display is composed of a small LED module.
Lx: Lux Lux
Illuminance is a unit that reflects the intensity of light. Its physical meaning is the luminous flux per unit area. The unit of illumination is the number of lumens per square meter (Lm), also known as Lux. 1lx is approximately equal to the illuminance of 1 candle at a distance of 1 meter. The minimum illuminance that we often see in the camera parameter specification means that the camera can only obtain a clear image at the marked LUX value. The smaller the value, the better. This shows that the higher the sensitivity of the CMOS.
MP: Mega Pixel
In the security field, MP is used to indicate the resolution of the camera. For example, the 5 million and 8 million cameras we usually say are often written as 5MP and 8MP.
PDP: Plasma Display Panel
The PDP uses a plasma tube as a light-emitting element. Each plasma tube on the screen corresponds to one pixel. The screen uses glass as a substrate, and the substrates are spaced at a certain distance, and a discharge space is formed around the substrate by hermetic sealing. In brief, a PDP is a display device that utilizes a gas discharge.
PTZ: PTZ Control (Pan/Tilt/Zoom)
In the scene range monitored by the camera, when the moving target appears, the user can manually lock (for example, the target is locked by a mouse click) or the preset position automatically triggers locking of a moving target to trigger the PTZ camera to perform autonomous automatic PTZ tracking. And automatically control the pan tilt of the PTZ camera to rotate in all directions, and perform a visually guided automatic tracking of the locked moving target to ensure that the tracking target continuously appears in the center of the lens. The automatic PTZ tracking module makes up for the shortcomings of the narrow vision of the fixed camera surveillance and is an essential function of a perfect security monitoring system.
RGB: Three primary colors, color mode standard (red, green, blue)
RGB color mode is a color standard in the industry. It is obtained by changing the three color channels of red (R), green (G), and blue (B), and superimposing them with each other to obtain various colors. , RGB is the color of red, green and blue channels. The so-called "how much" of RGB refers to the brightness and is represented by an integer. Normally, RGB has 256 levels of brightness, represented by numbers from 0, 1, 2... up to 255. Note that although the highest number is 255, 0 is one of the values, so there are 256 levels.
SNR: Signal Noise Ratio
Signal-to-noise ratio, also known as signal-to-noise ratio, is the ratio of the output signal voltage of the amplifier to the noise voltage output at the same time. It is often expressed in decibels. The higher the signal-to-noise ratio of the device, the less noise it produces. The signal-to-noise ratio of the image should be equal to the ratio of the power spectrum of the signal to the noise, but usually the power spectrum is difficult to calculate. There is a way to approximately estimate the signal to noise ratio of the image, that is, the ratio of the variance of the signal to the noise. First calculate the local variance of all pixels of the image, consider the maximum value of the local variance as the signal variance, the minimum value as the noise variance, find their ratios, convert them to dB, and finally correct them with an empirical formula.
WDR: Wide Dynamic Range
Wide dynamics are especially bright parts of the scene and particularly dark parts can be seen at the same time. The wide dynamic range is the ratio of the brightest luminance signal to the most recognizable darkest luminance signal. Wide dynamic processing includes multi-exposure data fusion, global contrast equalization, local contrast fusion enhancement, advanced motion estimation/motion compensation, and more. This technology makes the details of the dark areas of the picture clearly visible, while suppressing the saturation of bright areas, achieving a wide dynamic range of 120db or more.
AE: Automatic Exposure
The automatic exposure algorithm (AE) automatically sets the exposure value according to the available light conditions. When the brightness of the main subject and the background differ greatly, it generally results in overexposure or underexposure of the subject. In order to overcome this problem, some specific AE algorithms focus on the brightness of the subject and perform brightness adjustment. Give this part more weight.
AF: Auto Focus
The autofocus algorithm (AF) moves the lens through the existing image contrast to maximize the image contrast. In general, autofocus technology is to obtain the highest image frequency component by adjusting the position of the focus lens, resulting in a higher image contrast. Among them, obtaining the best focusing point is an accumulating process that determines the focusing distance by comparing the contrast of each frame of the image to obtain the maximum contrast point within the lens movement range.
AWB: Automatic white balance
The automatic white balance algorithm (AWB) adjusts the fidelity of the picture color according to the light source conditions. Objects will have different degrees of chromatic aberration under different lighting conditions. Generally, the overall color difference signal of an image is used as color temperature data. When most of the area of ​​the image is covered by a uniform color, the color compensation may be lost. Part of the full color. In order to compensate for this defect, some specific AWB algorithms have been proposed to adapt to different color temperature conditions. For example, due to the low color temperature, the image sensor captures a yellow hue at dusk, and a high blue hue in a sunny environment. Using these algorithms, analog cameras not only shoot better images in low-light environments, they also provide better color reproduction and color cast compensation.
BNC: Bayonet Nut Connector
BNC connector, a connector for coaxial cable. Mainly used in electronic engineering equipment, connecting to the terminal exit or entrance. The reason why the BNC connector has not been eliminated is because the coaxial cable is a kind of shielded cable, which has the advantages of long transmission distance and stable signal. At present, it is also widely used in communication systems. For example, the E1 interface in a network device is connected by two coaxial BNC connectors. It is often used in high-end monitors and audio equipment to transmit audio and video signals. .
CCD: Charge-coupled device
CCD is a semiconductor device that can convert optical images into electrical signals. In the field of video surveillance, CCD is a kind of image sensor.
CMOS: Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor, an amplifier device for voltage control, is the basic unit that makes up a CMOS digital integrated circuit. CMOS manufacturing processes are now often used as photosensitive elements in digital imaging equipment. Like CCDs, CMOS is also a type of image sensor.
DLP: Digital Light Processing
The DLP technique involves first digitally processing the image signal and then projecting the light. DLP is a solution that uses optical semiconductors to produce digital multi-source displays. It relies on highly reliable, all-digital display technology to provide the best image quality in a wide range of products such as large-screen digital televisions, corporate/home/professional conference projectors and digital cameras (DL PCinema).
DNR: Digital Noise Reduction
DNR is a digital noise reduction technology that uses digital processing to reduce impurities that are contaminated in the video signal. Because the appearance of image noise is random, the noise appearing in each frame of image is different. 3D digital noise reduction automatically filters out non-overlapping information (that is, noise) by comparing adjacent frames of images, thereby displaying relatively pure and delicate images.
FPS: Frames Per Second Transfer Frames Per Second
FPS is defined in the image domain and refers to the number of frames per second transmitted by the screen. In popular terms, it refers to the number of frames of an animation or video. FPS measures the amount of information used to save and display dynamic video. The more frames per second, the smoother the displayed action will be. In general, the minimum to avoid motion is 30.
HDR: High-Dynamic Range
Compared with ordinary images, HDR can provide more dynamic range and image details. According to different exposure time LDR images, LDR images corresponding to the best detail for each exposure time can be used to synthesize the final HDR image. Reflects the visual effects of the real environment.
ISP: Image Signal Processing
The image after passing through the optical lens is captured by the CCD or CMOS and needs to be processed by the ISP before it can output the image needed by our application. The ISP is a determinant of the performance of the imaging device.
LCD: Liquid Crystal Display
The LCD liquid crystal display consists of a certain number of color or black and white pixels placed in front of the light source or reflective surface. Liquid crystal displays have low power consumption and are therefore highly favored. Its main principle is that current stimulates liquid crystal molecules to generate points, lines, and planes with the back lamp to form a picture.
LED: Light Emitting Diode
The LED is a diode which is made of a compound of gallium (Ga) and arsenic (As), phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), and indium (In) by controlling the display of a semiconductor light emitting diode. When compounded, it emits visible light and can be used to make light emitting diodes. In the field of security, we often say LED display is composed of a small LED module.
Lx: Lux Lux
Illuminance is a unit that reflects the intensity of light. Its physical meaning is the luminous flux per unit area. The unit of illumination is the number of lumens per square meter (Lm), also known as Lux. 1lx is approximately equal to the illuminance of 1 candle at a distance of 1 meter. The minimum illuminance that we often see in the camera parameter specification means that the camera can only obtain a clear image at the marked LUX value. The smaller the value, the better. This shows that the higher the sensitivity of the CMOS.
MP: Mega Pixel
In the security field, MP is used to indicate the resolution of the camera. For example, the 5 million and 8 million cameras we usually say are often written as 5MP and 8MP.
PDP: Plasma Display Panel
The PDP uses a plasma tube as a light-emitting element. Each plasma tube on the screen corresponds to one pixel. The screen uses glass as a substrate, and the substrates are spaced at a certain distance, and a discharge space is formed around the substrate by hermetic sealing. In brief, a PDP is a display device that utilizes a gas discharge.
PTZ: PTZ Control (Pan/Tilt/Zoom)
In the scene range monitored by the camera, when the moving target appears, the user can manually lock (for example, the target is locked by a mouse click) or the preset position automatically triggers locking of a moving target to trigger the PTZ camera to perform autonomous automatic PTZ tracking. And automatically control the pan tilt of the PTZ camera to rotate in all directions, and perform a visually guided automatic tracking of the locked moving target to ensure that the tracking target continuously appears in the center of the lens. The automatic PTZ tracking module makes up for the shortcomings of the narrow vision of the fixed camera surveillance and is an essential function of a perfect security monitoring system.
RGB: Three primary colors, color mode standard (red, green, blue)
RGB color mode is a color standard in the industry. It is obtained by changing the three color channels of red (R), green (G), and blue (B), and superimposing them with each other to obtain various colors. , RGB is the color of red, green and blue channels. The so-called "how much" of RGB refers to the brightness and is represented by an integer. Normally, RGB has 256 levels of brightness, represented by numbers from 0, 1, 2... up to 255. Note that although the highest number is 255, 0 is one of the values, so there are 256 levels.
SNR: Signal Noise Ratio
Signal-to-noise ratio, also known as signal-to-noise ratio, is the ratio of the output signal voltage of the amplifier to the noise voltage output at the same time. It is often expressed in decibels. The higher the signal-to-noise ratio of the device, the less noise it produces. The signal-to-noise ratio of the image should be equal to the ratio of the power spectrum of the signal to the noise, but usually the power spectrum is difficult to calculate. There is a way to approximately estimate the signal to noise ratio of the image, that is, the ratio of the variance of the signal to the noise. First calculate the local variance of all pixels of the image, consider the maximum value of the local variance as the signal variance, the minimum value as the noise variance, find their ratios, convert them to dB, and finally correct them with an empirical formula.
WDR: Wide Dynamic Range
Wide dynamics are especially bright parts of the scene and particularly dark parts can be seen at the same time. The wide dynamic range is the ratio of the brightest luminance signal to the most recognizable darkest luminance signal. Wide dynamic processing includes multi-exposure data fusion, global contrast equalization, local contrast fusion enhancement, advanced motion estimation/motion compensation, and more. This technology makes the details of the dark areas of the picture clearly visible, while suppressing the saturation of bright areas, achieving a wide dynamic range of 120db or more.
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